Title：Nobel Turing Challenge: Creating the Engine for Scientific Discovery

北野 宏明（きたの ひろあき）
沖縄科学技術大学院大学　教授
特定非営利活動法人システム・バイオロジー研究機構　会長
株式会社ソニーコンピュータサイエンス研究所　代表取締役社長 所長

　One of the most exciting and disruptive research in AI is to develop AI systems that can make major scientific discovery by itself with high-level of autonomy. In this talk, I propose “Nobel Turing Challenge” to the grand challenge bridging AI and other scientific communities. The challenge calls for development of AI systems that can make major scientific discoveries some of which worth Nobel Prize, and the Nobel Committee, and the rest of the scientific community, may not be able to distinguish if it was discovered by human scientist or AI (Kitano, H., AI Magazine, 37(1) 2016). This challenge is particularly significant in biomedical domain where progress of systems biology (Kitano, H., Science, 295, 1662-1664, 2002; Kitano, H., Nature, 420, 206-210, 2002) resulted in total overflow of data and knowledge far beyond human comprehension. After 20 years of my journey in systems biology research, I have concluded that next major breakthrough in systems biology requires AI-driven scientific discovery. Initially, it shall be introduced as AI-assisted science, but it will result in AI scientists with high-level of autonomy. This challenge poses a series of fundamental questions on the nature of scientific discovery, limits of human cognition, implications of individual paths toward major discoveries, computational meaning of serendipity or scientific intuition, and many other issues that may bring AI research into the next stage.

参考文献：
1. Kitano, H. Artificial Intelligence to Win the Nobel Prize and Beyond: Creating the Engine for Scientific Discovery. AI Magazine, 37(1), 39-49, 2016
2. Kitano, H. Systems Biology: A Brief Overview. Science. 295(5560), 1662-1664, 2002
3. Kitano, H. Computational Systems Biology. Nature. 420(6912), 206-210, 2002